Chapter 11 drive lines, differentials, drive axles, and power train. On front wheel driven cars differential and final drive are integrated in the gear. Even, the gear teeth of spiral bevel gears are reported to be. Therefor a gearbox runs partially filled with lubricant oil. A spur gear differential has two equalsized spur gears, one for each halfshaft, with a space between them. This paper covers the static, fatigue, modal and harmonic analysis of spiral bevel gears pair used as drive pinion and crown wheel in the differential gearbox of tata ace vehicle, using a popular commercial finite element analysis software ansys. By using epicyclic gear, different torque speed ratio can be obtained. Materials selection in design of an automobile differential.
Identify the parts of the rear drive axle and front drive axle. Thus, a locking mechanism, or limited slip differential allows one wheel to slip or spin freely while some torque is. In vehicles without a differential, such as karts, both driving wheels are forced to rotate at the same speed, usually on a common axle driven by a simple chaindrive mechanism. Chapter 11 drive lines, differentials, drive axles, and.
Car differential massachusetts institute of technology. The differential is found on all modern cars and trucks, and also in many allwheeldrive fulltime fourwheeldrive vehicles. Here we present a simplified explanation of how and why an automobile differential works. Materials selection in design of an automobile differential free download as powerpoint presentation. Ive been learning how cars work the past hour and it keeps blowing my mind, but this. Automobile engineering objective type interview questions pdf preparation for gate exams. Thus, there is relative movement between inner and outer wheel. This post covers the syllabus of me6602 automobile engineering unit 1 vehicle structure and engines and the lecture notes of the vehicle s. A brilliant explanation of how a cars differential works. The final drive is composed of a bevel gear or pinion and crown wheel. This article will explain differentials where the power, in most cars, makes its last stop before spinning the wheels the differential has three jobs. When the engine is running, to enable the connection to the driving wheels to be made smoothly and without shock.
In the differential, bevel pinion gear is fixed to the propeller shaft which rotates the crown wheel. In automobiles and other wheeled vehicles, the differential. In general, there are two designs of differential gears, hypoid and spiral that are used in automobiles. Pdf determination of fatigue life of spiral bevel gears. The gear train in an automobile differential is a common application of gears, but often misunderstood by the lay public. The automotive differential is designed to drive a pair of wheels while allowing them to rotate at different speeds. This paper gives a detailed study about gear ratios in an automobile gearbox and their relation with engine specifications, i.
The drive shaft, also called a propeller shaft, is commonly a hollow steel tube with yokes welded on the end. Provide a varied leverage between the engine and the drive wheels provide means to transfer power in opposite direction. A study on vehicle differential system international journal of. Aisisae 4140 steel is the widelyused material for spiral bevel gears used in automobile differential gearboxes. Gearboxes are used in almost every industry right from power to marine, and also include agriculture, textile, automobiles, aerospace, shipping etc. The basic parts of a differential is introduced first.
Analysis of the mechanical friction losses occurring in differential automobile gearboxes. An automated manual transmission is a type of auto. Differential is a device capable of transmitting torque and rotation through three shafts, almost always used in one of two ways. When the tractor is moving in a straight line, the differential pinion do not rotate on the stub shaft but are solid with the differential casing. Differential gearbox seminar reportpdf ppt download abstract. Buy products related to differential gearbox products and see what customers say about differential gearbox products on free delivery possible on eligible purchases.
In one way, it receives one input and provides two outputs this is found in most automobiles in the other way. This is the reason for a device known as a limited slip differential or traction control. Design a crown wheel gear of differential gear box used in heavy. Gearboxes are frequently used in an automobile for power transmission, because torque requirement of a vehicle vary with speed.
A gearbox can be set up to do the opposite and provide an increase in shaft speed with a reduction of torque. Automobile differential and transmission automobile differential. The function of the differential is to permit the relative movement between inner and outer wheels when vehicle negotiates. Differentials open, locked, limited slip, edl, quattro. Differentials open, locked, limited slip, edl, quattro the open differential thats more or less the diagram of the inside of differential for a rear wheel drive car.
Working of differential gear box for automobile vehicles differential. If youve read how car engines work, you understand how a cars power is generated. Spur gear differential this is another type of differential that was used in some early automobiles, more recently the oldsmobile toronado, as well as other non automotive applications. Provide means of connection and disconnection of engine with rest of power train without shock and smoothly. If one of the wheels attached to a differential decides to hit some ice, for example, it slips and spins with all of the speed the differential has to distribute. Even if you arent a car guy or girl you will probably really like this video.
The transmission rear oil seal rides on the slip yoke and prevents fluid leakage out of the rear of the transmission. Enable power transmission at varied angles and varied lengths. The crown wheel has another unit called the differential unit. Understand the procedures for removing and replacing axle bearings and seals. Generally speaking, a differential gearbox figure 1 is a complex device involving gears which are connected to output shafts transmitting both rotation and torque forces. Differential gear, in automotive mechanics, gear arrangement that permits power from the engine to be transmitted to a pair of driving wheels, dividing the force equally between them but permitting them to follow paths of different lengths, as when turning a corner or traversing an uneven road. A wide variety of small differential gearbox options are available to you, such as bevel. Differential mechanical device 3 or gears, which are a cluster of four opposed bevel gears in perpendicular plane, so each bevel gear meshes with two neighbours, and rotates counter to the third, that it faces and does not mesh with. Study on classification of differential system in automobile ijraset. The seal also keeps dirt out of the transmission and off the slip yoke.
In spiral differential the pinion gears contacts the ring gears at its centerline. In an gear box, the gear teeth and other moving metal must not touch. Automobile and drives the mechanism that transmits the power developed by the engine of an automobile to the driving wheels is called the transmission system or power train. Specifications of automotive differential gears include 0. In rearwheel drive cars, the differential converts rotational motion of the transmission shaft which lies parallel to the car s motion to rotational motion of the halfshafts on the ends of which are the wheels, which lie perpendicular to the car s motion. Understand basic service and repair of a differential. Many typical automobile transmissions include the ability to select one of several gear ratios. But, when it comes to weight for light utility vehicles aluminium alloy is preferred. They drive the two bevel gears at the same speed and in the same direction as the casing and the crown wheel. A differential is a gear train with three shafts that has the property that the rotational speed of. The differential is an important component of the driving axle. Working of differential gear box for automobile vehicles.
Because the crown wheel has more number of teeth and it is connected to rear axles and level. Differential pinion gears walk around slower side gear. The differential is the works both drive axles at the same time, but lets them rotate at different speeds so that the car can make turns. Enable speed reduction between engine and the drive wheels in. Pdf structural analysis of differential gearbox researchgate. Power, torque, rpm at which maximum power and torque generate and vehicle utility. Overdrive is provided in the transmission of a vehicle to a. Finite element analysis of spiral bevel gears pair used in. The differential can be stated as a gear train used to control the speed and torque to the rear wheels. To provide for disconnecting the engine from the driving wheels. This type of transmission are used by skoda,toyota, lexus, etc epicyclic gearing planetry gearing.
In vehicles without a differential, such as karts, both drivingwheels are forced to rotate at the same speed, usually on acommon axle driven by a simple chaindrive mechanism. Some of the simplest gearboxes merely change the physical rotational direction of power transmission. The speed at the input shaft is maximum which is minimise at output shaft to increase torque value. It consists of two bevel gears sun gear and two bevel gears planet gear.
To understand the power transmission in automotive vehicles through differential. On rear wheel drive vehicles the differential may connect to halfshafts inside an axle housing. Sai trinadh, design and analysis of differential gear box in automobiles, international. On the mechanical friction losses occurring in automotive. Rear universal jointa flex joint that connects the drive shaft to the differential yoke. I simplified it greatly as there may be more than 2.
The main aim of this paper is to focus on the mechanical design and analysis on assembly of gears in gear box when they transmit power at different speeds i. This study focuses on the mechanical friction losses liable to occur in differential automobile gearboxes, which can lead in the long term to the scuffing of these mechanical systems. On rear wheel drive vehicles the diff may connect to halfshafts inside an axle casing or drive shafts that connect to the rear driving wheels. Cross section of a differential assembly for a rear wheel driven car with. A problem with an automotive differential is that if one wheel is held stationary. The differential is a component in all cars and is designed to compensate for the difference in distance the inner wheels and outer wheels travel as the car goes around a corner. Differential gears are available with anodized finish. The differential is designed to drive a pair of wheels with equalforce, whilst allowing them to rotate at different speeds.
The driving axle consists of a housing, a differential, two axle shafts half axles, and final drives if required. Differential gearbox is to change the movement from one axial to a different axial typical example, transfaring the engine rotations into the. They must be continuously separated by a thin film of lubricant. I had developed this work as my semester project with a view to get familiar with the technologies as well as application. Sekhar, design and analysis of differential gear box used in heavy vehicles, ishitv, 2021 nov, 2015. Design and analysis of differential gearbox full report download abstract abstract my project design and analysis of differential gearbox mainly focuses on the mechanical design and analysis of gearbox as transmit the power. Differential gear box, structural analysis, design and structural analysis of differential gear box cite this article. Automobile differential gearbox is an assembly of gears to meet the torque variation for dividing the speed of the wheel on turning conditions.
Spiral bevel crown wheel and pinion from differential gearbox of tata ace vehicle number of teeth on pinion is 8 and on crown wheel is 39 material. When a four wheeler car takes a turn, the outer wheel turns faster than inner wheel. Differential gears of automotive transmission are being commercially produced with neat tooth forms. Variation of gear ratios of a vehicle gearbox which. By m kautam prasanto815121 s rajiv kumar0815140 sai prashant k 0815146 differential a differential is a device, usually employing gears it is capable of transmitting torque and rotation through three shafts. The automobile transmission is removed from the car by taking it out a. A gear box transmits the engine power to the driving wheels with the help of different gearing. Shot back in 1937, it explains how a differential the part of the car that negotiates.
The friction losses involved were modeled, using a simple analytical approach, which is presented and discussed. In automobiles and other wheeled vehicles, the differential allows each of the driving. These allwheeldrive vehicles need a differential between each set of drive wheels, and they need one between the front and the back wheels as well, because the front wheels travel a different distance through a turn than the rear wheels. Prospects of torsen differential in four wheel drive.
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